The High Middle Ages (c. 1000 -1300) social structures are characterized by manorialism, the organization of peasants into villages that owed rent and labor services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organized. An additional social factor was the increasing dominance of the Catholic Church. itself. In the High Middle Ages the works of the ancient Greek thinkers would return to western Europe.
Medieval art was mostly religious; very focused on creating symbols of Christian concepts/values. It served a purpose: "Before a worshipper has even entered the church, he would find images of saints and sinners, of angelic beings and the punishment of the damned (suffering). All stood as a reminder of the importance of holding one's thoughts to God." Medieval art was not concerned with realism. Statues and paintings were shallow and flat (two dimensional). Bodies might be out of proportion. Faces were largely expressionless.
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| Christ -12th century - Byzantine mosaic - Sicily |
1066 - Norman Conquest of England
1095 - 1099 - The First Crusade
c. 1200 - Universities of Paris and Oxford founded.
1225 - 1274 - Philosopher Thomas Acquinas - theology based on reason and natural experience.
Secular music...
c. 1100 - 1350 - Troubadours (Aquitaine) & Trouvéres (Northern France)
More Medieval Religious Music...
Hildegarde of Bingen (1096 - 1179) German
Ars Antiqua (1150 - 1200?):
Pérotin French & Léonin (church of Notre Dame, Paris)
Ars Nova:
Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300 - 1387) French
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